Island School History
  • Home
  • Y7/8 MYP
  • Y9 History
    • 1. Innovation & Industry >
      • 1. Causes
      • 2. Innovations
      • 3. Conditions
      • 4. Changes
      • 5. Sources
      • 6-7. Assessment 1 >
        • The USA
      • 8. Reflection
    • 2. Empire and Expansion >
      • 1. What is an Empire?
      • 2. Benefits of an Empire
      • 3. Negatives of Empire expansion
      • 4. Perspectives on Empires
      • 5. Assessment
    • 3. Rebellion and Revolution >
      • 1. Why do people protest?
      • 2. What are the causes of revolutions?
      • 3. What are the methods of protest?
      • 4. What are the consequences of protests?
      • 5. Assessment
    • 4. War and Conflict >
      • 1. Causes of WW2
      • 2. Did that really happen here? WW2 in Hong Kong
      • 3. Why did the War extend to Hong Kong?
      • 4. How did the War affect Hong Kong?
      • 5. Assessment
    • Old History >
      • 1. Hong Kong Story >
        • Further Reading
      • 2. The Slave Trade
      • 3. The First World War
      • 4. The Changing Role of Women
  • Elements
    • Big History Project >
      • 1. What is Big History? >
        • 1.0 - Welcome to Big History
        • 1.1 - Scale
        • 1.2 - Origin Stories
        • 1.3 - What are Disciplines?
        • 1.4 - My Big History
        • Glossary
      • 2. The Big Bang >
        • 2.0 - Changing Understandings
        • 2.1 - The Big Bang
        • 2.2 - Claim Testing
        • Glossary
        • Links & Resources
      • 3. Stars and Elements >
        • 3.0 - How were stars formed?
        • 3.1 - Creation of Complex Elements
        • 3.2 - Ways of Knowing: Stars & Elements
        • Glossary
      • 4. Our Solar System & Earth >
        • 4.0 - Formation of Earth & Our Solar System
        • 4.1 - What was young Earth like?
        • 4.2 - Why is Plate Tectonics important?
        • 4.3 - Ways of Knowing: Our Solar System and Earth
        • Glossary
      • 5. Life >
        • 5.0 - What is Life?
        • 5.1 - How did Life Begin and Change?
        • 5.2 - How do Earth and Life Interact?
        • 5.3 - Ways of Knowing: Life
        • Glossary
      • 6. Early Humans >
        • 6.0 - How Our Ancesters Evolved
        • 6.1 - Ways of Knowing: Early Humans
        • 6.2 - Collective Learning
        • 6.3 - How did the First Humans live?
        • Glossary
      • 7. Agriculture & Civilisation >
        • 7.0 - The Rise of Agriculture
        • 7.1 - The First Cities and States
        • 7.2 - Ways of Knowing: Agriculture & Civilisation
        • Glossary
      • 8. Expansion & Interconnection >
        • 8.0 - Expansion
        • 8.1 - Exploration & Interconnection
        • 8.2 - The Columbian Exchange
        • 8.3 - Commerce & Collective Learning
        • Glossary
      • 9. Acceleration >
        • 9.0 - Transitions, Thresholds & Turning Points in Human History
        • 9.1 - Acceleration
        • 9.2 - The Anthropocene
        • 9.3 - Changing Economies
        • 9.4 - Industrialism
        • 9.5 - Modern States and Identities
        • 9.6 - Crisis and Conflict
        • 9.7 - Acceleration: Demographic, Political, and Technological
        • Glossary
      • 10. The Future >
        • 10.0 - Looking Back
        • 10.1 - The Biosphere
        • 10.2 - Looking Forward
        • Glossary
      • Assessment Rubrics
      • Key Texts
      • Little Big History
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
      • Thresholds of Increasing Complexity
      • Student Work
    • Social History
  • IGCSE
    • Germany 1918-45 >
      • 1. The Establishment of the Weimar Republic & Its Early Problems
      • 2. The Recovery of Germany 1924-1929
      • 3. The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis 1919-1933
      • 4. Life in Nazi Germany 1933-1939
      • 5. Germany during the Second World War
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • China 1900-89 >
      • 1. China 1900-1934
      • 2. Mao & the CCP 1934-1949
      • 3. Change under Mao 1949-1963
      • 4. The Impact of the Cultural Revolution
      • 5. China after Mao 1976-1989
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • US Civil Rights 1945-74 >
      • 1. McCarthyism and the Red Scare
      • 2. Civil Rights in the 1950s
      • 3. The Impact of MLK & Black Power
      • 4. Protest Movements
      • 5. Nixon & Watergate
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • Russia & the USSR 1905-24 >
      • Old Exam Questions
    • Past Papers
  • IBDP
    • Paper 1 >
      • Rights and Protest
      • The Move to Global War >
        • 1. Japanese Expansion >
          • 1. Impact of the Meiji Restoration
          • 2. Foreign Policy in the 1920s
          • 3. The Invasion of Manchuria
          • 4. The Sino-Japanese War
          • 5. The Road to War
        • 2. German and Italian Expansion >
          • 1. Causes of Italian Expansion
          • 2. Responses to Italian Expansion
          • 3. Causes of German Expansion
          • 4. Responses to German Expansion
          • 5. The Road to War in Europe
        • Exam Questions
    • Paper 2 >
      • Paper 2: The Cold War >
        • 1. Introduction to the Cold War
        • 2. Causes of the Cold War
        • 3. The Cold War in Asia
        • 4. Course of the Cold War
        • 5. End of the Cold War
        • 6. The Impact of Leaders
        • 7. The Impact of Crises
        • 8. Impact on Nations
        • Exam Questions
        • Further Reading
        • Glossary
        • Historiography
        • Primary Sources
      • Paper 2: Authoritarian States >
        • 1. Emergence of Authoritarian States >
          • 1. Why do Authoritarian States emerge?
          • 2. Rise of Hitler
          • 3. Rise of Mao
          • 4. Rise of Castro
          • 5. Rise of Stalin
          • 6. Comparing the Emergence of Authoritarian States
        • 2. Consolidation & Maintenance of Power >
          • 1. Hitler's Germany 1933-45
          • 2. Mao's China 1949-1976
          • 3. Castro's Cuba 1959-Present
          • 4. Comparing the Rule of Authoritarian States
        • 3. Aims and Results of Domestic Policies >
          • 4. Comparing Domestic Policies
        • Exam Questions
    • Paper 3: Asia and Oceania >
      • 2019/2021 >
        • Topic 12: China and Korea 1910-1950 >
          • 1. What accounts for the rise of nationalism? >
            • 1. Was Yuan Shikai a national hero or villain?
            • 2. What did Sun Yixian do to promote nationalism?
            • 3. What was the impact of WW1 on nationalism?
            • 4. How significant was the New Culture Movement?
            • 5. Did the May 4th Movement achieve anything?
            • 6. How did nationalism survive the warlords?
            • 7. Assessment: What accounts for the rise of nationalism?
          • 2. Did Guomindang rule achieve anything? >
            • 1. How did Chiang Kai-shek emerge as leader of the GMD?
            • 2. Why was the Northern Expedition successful?
            • 3. Was the Nanjing Decade a success?
            • 4. Assessment - Was GMD rule a success or failure?
          • 3. Was the rise of communism inevitable? >
            • 1. What were conditions like for peasants in China?
            • 2. How did the CCP benefit from the First United Front?
      • 2018/2020 >
        • Paper 3: Imperial Decline in East Asia 1860-1912 >
          • 1. The Tongzhi Restoration
          • 2. Effects of the Sino-Japanese War
          • 3. Impact of the Boxer Rebellion
          • 4. The 1911 Xinhai Revolution
          • 5. The Meiji Restoration
          • 6. Early Japanese Imperialism
          • 7. The Opening of Korea
          • Exam Questions
        • Paper 3: Japan 1912-1990 >
          • 1. Taisho Japan
          • 2. The Rise of Militarism
          • 3. The Move to Global War
          • 4. The Pacific War
          • 5. The US Occupation
          • 6. The 'Economic Miracle'
          • Exam Questions
        • Paper 3: China and Korea 1910-1950 >
          • 1. Rise of National Identity 1911-1927
          • 2. Nationalist Rule in China 1927-1937
          • 3. Rise of Communism in China: 1921-1937
          • 4. Japanese Invasion and Civil War 1937-1949
          • 5. Japanese Occupation of Korea 1910-1945
          • 6. Taiwan - The Republic of China
          • Exam Questions
    • Internal Assessment >
      • Forming Questions
      • Researching Primary Sources >
        • New York Times Digital Archive
        • SCMP Digital Archive
      • Researching Secondary Sources >
        • Google Scholar
        • History Today
        • HK Public Library e-resources
        • jstor
        • questia
        • Worldcat
      • Source Evaluation
      • Chicago Citation Format
      • IA Help Guide
    • Extended Essay >
      • 1. Title Page
      • 2. Abstract & Contents Page
      • 3. Introduction
      • 4. Body of the Essay
      • 5. Conclusion
      • 6. References, Bibliography & Appendices
    • Mark Schemes
    • Revision
    • Hall of Fame
  • More
    • History Help >
      • Blog
      • Historical Content
      • Historical Concepts
      • Historical Skills >
        • Essay Planning >
          • 1. Forming Questions
          • 2. Command Words
          • 3. Topic Analysis
          • 4. Essay Structure
        • Essay Writing >
          • 1. Introductions
          • 2. Conclusions
          • 3. Words and Phrases
          • 4. Quotations
          • 5. Sentences
          • 6. Width and Depth
          • 7. Citing Sources
          • 8. Spelling and Grammar
    • Resources >
      • About Us
      • History Trips
      • 5 C's - Skills Framework >
        • Blog Resources
      • ChronoZoom
      • Further Listening
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
      • ICT Design Resources
      • IS History Magazine
      • jstor.org
      • questiaschool.com
      • Revision Strategies
    • TOK
    • Links >
      • Island School Explorations
      • Island School Geography
      • Island School Global Politics
      • Island School Humanities
      • Island Educators
      • Mr Budd History

1. forming questions

Being able to form a clear and insightful research question is often something that history students underestimate the difficulty of. A good research question should have a clear command term, a narrow and conceptual focus, and contain an element of controversy or debate. Read through the following ideas and activities to help you start thinking about a possible research question:

1. Consider your Interests


​This can be hard to form but the best place to start is with your interests. Consider what period or topic from history really interests you. It might be something you have read about personally, something in the news, or something from your IBDP lessons. Then think about time, place, and space - where, when, who, what, and why? Initial thinking along these lines will help you to narrow down what you are actually interested in.

Next, narrow this down further by considering if any of the following elements could be related to your topic: events; situations; developments; individuals; policies etc. Try doing a brainstorm around your topic using these headings. Let your own interests guide you as you do this. Unpacking topics in this way can often throw up surprising events and situations that you may have bypassed before.

The third thing you should do is to then consider what is significant, debated, or even controversial about your topic. Is there a particular aspect of the topic that still creates debate today? Does an aspect have contemporary relevance? Is it in the news? Or has it been under-reported or misrepresented in the past? Finding an aspect of a topic or a new angle that might elicit some form of debate is a great idea - you will have to integrate differing perspectives into your essay anyway, so don't make it hard for yourself!
Picture

2. Consider Command Terms


Whilst you don't need to explicitly put in command terms like 'evaluate' into your research question, you do need to implictly base your question upon some form of structural device or way of thinking. For example, consider the research question: 'To what extent were US and Soviet responses to the 1979 Iranian Revolution guided by similar attitudes to the Islamic world?' A tough and intriguing question! Clearly, this question is about comparing and contrasting - yet the question doesn't explicitly use those words. Having already thought about a possible topic, now consider how the following command terms might be used to structure your research question:
Command Term
Definition
Analyse
Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure
Compare
Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, refering to both (all) of them throughout
Compare and Contrast
​Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout
Contrast
Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout
Discuss
Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence
Evaluate
Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations
Examine
Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue
To what extent
Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument

3. Consider Key Concepts


Picture
Exploring topics by thinking about key concepts is another way to come up with or refine your research question. Key concepts in history are like thinking devices we can use to help us analyse and evaluate events. In History, the key concepts are: Cause; Consequence; Change; Continuity; Perspectives; Significance.

As you have already explored in your studies, some questions ask you to evaluate the causes of an event or its consequences. Sometimes, you need to consider to what extent things have changed or stayed the same over time. Perspectives require us to consider why differing perspectives emerge, and what these differing viewpoints are based on. In almost every essay question there is an element of considering the wider significance of an event - however you could base a whole project on the significance of an event - why is it remembered? who remembers it? how do we consider how something is significant?

4. Converting a Topic into a Research Question


Try putting all these ideas to the test. Consider the following topic ideas that students have come up with. For each one, convert the topic into a research question, considering what command words and key concepts each one could be based on:
Topic Idea
Research Question
Command Word
Key Concept
Collapse of the Egyptian Old Kingdom
To what extent was weak leadership responsible for the collapse of the Egyptian Old Kingdom in 2125 BC?
To what extent
Significance: how important was weak leadership in relation to other causal factors?
Bamberg Witch Trials (1623 – 1633)
How significant were economic problems as a cause of the Bamberg Witch Trials (1623 – 1633)?
Stolypin’s agricultural reforms
The deaths of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu
Youth movements in the USSR
The experience of one individual during World War II
Castro's Cuba

5. Rescue the Questions!


A bad research question often results in a bad essay. Bad questions are often too descriptive, lack debate, too big or broad, not historical enough, or too difficult to analyse. Try and avoid these faults as you re-write these flawed research questions:
Flawed Question
Improved Question
What were the causes of the Russian Revolution of November 1917?
How did technological developments cause 20th century wars?
What have been the consequences of the Romania’s accession to the European Union (2007)?
To what extent is ‘The Book Thief’ an accurate portrayal of life in Nazi Germany?
How did Mao control China?
How did art change under authoritarian regimes?
Was it morally correct for the USA to use atomic weapons in World War II?
How accurate is the movie ‘Tora Tora Tora’?
Was the experience of my Grandma in the Young Pioneers typical?
Why did communism collapse in Eastern Europe in 1989?

Y7-9 MYP

Y7 Humanities
Y8 Humanities
Y9 History

Y10-11 IGCSE

IGCSE History
Big History
Social History

Y12-13 IBDP HISTORY

Paper 1 SL/HL
Paper 2 Cold War / Paper 2 Authoritarian States
Paper 3 HL Only
© COPYRIGHT 2015. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
  • Home
  • Y7/8 MYP
  • Y9 History
    • 1. Innovation & Industry >
      • 1. Causes
      • 2. Innovations
      • 3. Conditions
      • 4. Changes
      • 5. Sources
      • 6-7. Assessment 1 >
        • The USA
      • 8. Reflection
    • 2. Empire and Expansion >
      • 1. What is an Empire?
      • 2. Benefits of an Empire
      • 3. Negatives of Empire expansion
      • 4. Perspectives on Empires
      • 5. Assessment
    • 3. Rebellion and Revolution >
      • 1. Why do people protest?
      • 2. What are the causes of revolutions?
      • 3. What are the methods of protest?
      • 4. What are the consequences of protests?
      • 5. Assessment
    • 4. War and Conflict >
      • 1. Causes of WW2
      • 2. Did that really happen here? WW2 in Hong Kong
      • 3. Why did the War extend to Hong Kong?
      • 4. How did the War affect Hong Kong?
      • 5. Assessment
    • Old History >
      • 1. Hong Kong Story >
        • Further Reading
      • 2. The Slave Trade
      • 3. The First World War
      • 4. The Changing Role of Women
  • Elements
    • Big History Project >
      • 1. What is Big History? >
        • 1.0 - Welcome to Big History
        • 1.1 - Scale
        • 1.2 - Origin Stories
        • 1.3 - What are Disciplines?
        • 1.4 - My Big History
        • Glossary
      • 2. The Big Bang >
        • 2.0 - Changing Understandings
        • 2.1 - The Big Bang
        • 2.2 - Claim Testing
        • Glossary
        • Links & Resources
      • 3. Stars and Elements >
        • 3.0 - How were stars formed?
        • 3.1 - Creation of Complex Elements
        • 3.2 - Ways of Knowing: Stars & Elements
        • Glossary
      • 4. Our Solar System & Earth >
        • 4.0 - Formation of Earth & Our Solar System
        • 4.1 - What was young Earth like?
        • 4.2 - Why is Plate Tectonics important?
        • 4.3 - Ways of Knowing: Our Solar System and Earth
        • Glossary
      • 5. Life >
        • 5.0 - What is Life?
        • 5.1 - How did Life Begin and Change?
        • 5.2 - How do Earth and Life Interact?
        • 5.3 - Ways of Knowing: Life
        • Glossary
      • 6. Early Humans >
        • 6.0 - How Our Ancesters Evolved
        • 6.1 - Ways of Knowing: Early Humans
        • 6.2 - Collective Learning
        • 6.3 - How did the First Humans live?
        • Glossary
      • 7. Agriculture & Civilisation >
        • 7.0 - The Rise of Agriculture
        • 7.1 - The First Cities and States
        • 7.2 - Ways of Knowing: Agriculture & Civilisation
        • Glossary
      • 8. Expansion & Interconnection >
        • 8.0 - Expansion
        • 8.1 - Exploration & Interconnection
        • 8.2 - The Columbian Exchange
        • 8.3 - Commerce & Collective Learning
        • Glossary
      • 9. Acceleration >
        • 9.0 - Transitions, Thresholds & Turning Points in Human History
        • 9.1 - Acceleration
        • 9.2 - The Anthropocene
        • 9.3 - Changing Economies
        • 9.4 - Industrialism
        • 9.5 - Modern States and Identities
        • 9.6 - Crisis and Conflict
        • 9.7 - Acceleration: Demographic, Political, and Technological
        • Glossary
      • 10. The Future >
        • 10.0 - Looking Back
        • 10.1 - The Biosphere
        • 10.2 - Looking Forward
        • Glossary
      • Assessment Rubrics
      • Key Texts
      • Little Big History
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
      • Thresholds of Increasing Complexity
      • Student Work
    • Social History
  • IGCSE
    • Germany 1918-45 >
      • 1. The Establishment of the Weimar Republic & Its Early Problems
      • 2. The Recovery of Germany 1924-1929
      • 3. The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis 1919-1933
      • 4. Life in Nazi Germany 1933-1939
      • 5. Germany during the Second World War
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • China 1900-89 >
      • 1. China 1900-1934
      • 2. Mao & the CCP 1934-1949
      • 3. Change under Mao 1949-1963
      • 4. The Impact of the Cultural Revolution
      • 5. China after Mao 1976-1989
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • US Civil Rights 1945-74 >
      • 1. McCarthyism and the Red Scare
      • 2. Civil Rights in the 1950s
      • 3. The Impact of MLK & Black Power
      • 4. Protest Movements
      • 5. Nixon & Watergate
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • Russia & the USSR 1905-24 >
      • Old Exam Questions
    • Past Papers
  • IBDP
    • Paper 1 >
      • Rights and Protest
      • The Move to Global War >
        • 1. Japanese Expansion >
          • 1. Impact of the Meiji Restoration
          • 2. Foreign Policy in the 1920s
          • 3. The Invasion of Manchuria
          • 4. The Sino-Japanese War
          • 5. The Road to War
        • 2. German and Italian Expansion >
          • 1. Causes of Italian Expansion
          • 2. Responses to Italian Expansion
          • 3. Causes of German Expansion
          • 4. Responses to German Expansion
          • 5. The Road to War in Europe
        • Exam Questions
    • Paper 2 >
      • Paper 2: The Cold War >
        • 1. Introduction to the Cold War
        • 2. Causes of the Cold War
        • 3. The Cold War in Asia
        • 4. Course of the Cold War
        • 5. End of the Cold War
        • 6. The Impact of Leaders
        • 7. The Impact of Crises
        • 8. Impact on Nations
        • Exam Questions
        • Further Reading
        • Glossary
        • Historiography
        • Primary Sources
      • Paper 2: Authoritarian States >
        • 1. Emergence of Authoritarian States >
          • 1. Why do Authoritarian States emerge?
          • 2. Rise of Hitler
          • 3. Rise of Mao
          • 4. Rise of Castro
          • 5. Rise of Stalin
          • 6. Comparing the Emergence of Authoritarian States
        • 2. Consolidation & Maintenance of Power >
          • 1. Hitler's Germany 1933-45
          • 2. Mao's China 1949-1976
          • 3. Castro's Cuba 1959-Present
          • 4. Comparing the Rule of Authoritarian States
        • 3. Aims and Results of Domestic Policies >
          • 4. Comparing Domestic Policies
        • Exam Questions
    • Paper 3: Asia and Oceania >
      • 2019/2021 >
        • Topic 12: China and Korea 1910-1950 >
          • 1. What accounts for the rise of nationalism? >
            • 1. Was Yuan Shikai a national hero or villain?
            • 2. What did Sun Yixian do to promote nationalism?
            • 3. What was the impact of WW1 on nationalism?
            • 4. How significant was the New Culture Movement?
            • 5. Did the May 4th Movement achieve anything?
            • 6. How did nationalism survive the warlords?
            • 7. Assessment: What accounts for the rise of nationalism?
          • 2. Did Guomindang rule achieve anything? >
            • 1. How did Chiang Kai-shek emerge as leader of the GMD?
            • 2. Why was the Northern Expedition successful?
            • 3. Was the Nanjing Decade a success?
            • 4. Assessment - Was GMD rule a success or failure?
          • 3. Was the rise of communism inevitable? >
            • 1. What were conditions like for peasants in China?
            • 2. How did the CCP benefit from the First United Front?
      • 2018/2020 >
        • Paper 3: Imperial Decline in East Asia 1860-1912 >
          • 1. The Tongzhi Restoration
          • 2. Effects of the Sino-Japanese War
          • 3. Impact of the Boxer Rebellion
          • 4. The 1911 Xinhai Revolution
          • 5. The Meiji Restoration
          • 6. Early Japanese Imperialism
          • 7. The Opening of Korea
          • Exam Questions
        • Paper 3: Japan 1912-1990 >
          • 1. Taisho Japan
          • 2. The Rise of Militarism
          • 3. The Move to Global War
          • 4. The Pacific War
          • 5. The US Occupation
          • 6. The 'Economic Miracle'
          • Exam Questions
        • Paper 3: China and Korea 1910-1950 >
          • 1. Rise of National Identity 1911-1927
          • 2. Nationalist Rule in China 1927-1937
          • 3. Rise of Communism in China: 1921-1937
          • 4. Japanese Invasion and Civil War 1937-1949
          • 5. Japanese Occupation of Korea 1910-1945
          • 6. Taiwan - The Republic of China
          • Exam Questions
    • Internal Assessment >
      • Forming Questions
      • Researching Primary Sources >
        • New York Times Digital Archive
        • SCMP Digital Archive
      • Researching Secondary Sources >
        • Google Scholar
        • History Today
        • HK Public Library e-resources
        • jstor
        • questia
        • Worldcat
      • Source Evaluation
      • Chicago Citation Format
      • IA Help Guide
    • Extended Essay >
      • 1. Title Page
      • 2. Abstract & Contents Page
      • 3. Introduction
      • 4. Body of the Essay
      • 5. Conclusion
      • 6. References, Bibliography & Appendices
    • Mark Schemes
    • Revision
    • Hall of Fame
  • More
    • History Help >
      • Blog
      • Historical Content
      • Historical Concepts
      • Historical Skills >
        • Essay Planning >
          • 1. Forming Questions
          • 2. Command Words
          • 3. Topic Analysis
          • 4. Essay Structure
        • Essay Writing >
          • 1. Introductions
          • 2. Conclusions
          • 3. Words and Phrases
          • 4. Quotations
          • 5. Sentences
          • 6. Width and Depth
          • 7. Citing Sources
          • 8. Spelling and Grammar
    • Resources >
      • About Us
      • History Trips
      • 5 C's - Skills Framework >
        • Blog Resources
      • ChronoZoom
      • Further Listening
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
      • ICT Design Resources
      • IS History Magazine
      • jstor.org
      • questiaschool.com
      • Revision Strategies
    • TOK
    • Links >
      • Island School Explorations
      • Island School Geography
      • Island School Global Politics
      • Island School Humanities
      • Island Educators
      • Mr Budd History