1. What was the 'Self-Strengthening Movement' and why did it fail?

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Lesson Objectives
​To identify the key features of the self-strengthening movement and to evaluate the reasons for it failure

Lesson Tasks

1. ​Download, read, and make notes from the Lesson PowerPoint
2. Research and write a biography/obituary of no more than 200 words for each of the following reformers, focusing on their roles and achievements between 1861-1894: Prince Gong, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang; Zuo Zongtang; and Sheng Xuanhuai.
3. Answer the following questions by reading and make notes from either pages 22-32 of China 1839-1997 by Michael Lynch and/or pages 192-222 of The Search for Modern China by Jonathan D. Spence:
   1. Why did religious missionaries arouse resentment among the Chinese?
      
   2. What led to the Tianjin Massacre?
      
   3. What consequences followed from the Tianjin Massacre?
      
   4. What factors inspired the development of the self-strengthening movement?
      
   5. What were the main achievements of the self-strengthening movement?
      
   6. From what weaknesses did the self-strengthening movement suffer?
      
   7. How significant was the contribution of Li Hongzhang to China's economic development?
      
   8. In what ways did Sheng Xuanhuai contribute to the self-strengthening movement?
      
   9. How did Cixi view the self-strengthening movement?
      
   10. In what ways did the Chinese middle class change in the late Qing period?
       

2. What was the impact of the Sino-Japanese War on the reform movement?

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Lesson Objectives
To analyse the significance of the Sino-Japanese War and identify the causes and effects of the 100 Days Reform

​Lesson Tasks

1. ​Read and make notes from the Lesson PowerPoint on the following questions:
   1. What were the causes of the Sino-Japanese War?
   2. What were the key battles of the war?
   3. What did Japan gain in the Treaty of Shimonoseki?
   4. What was the impact of defeat on the reform movement in China?
   5. What triggered the 100 Days Reforms?
   6. Which were the most significant of the 100 Days Reforms?
   7. How and why were the 100 Days Reforms stopped?
   8. What were the main reasons for failure of reforms?
2. Read pages 216-230 of Spence, J.D. (1990). The Rise of Modern China and answer these discussion questions.
3. Write an essay plan for this question: "Discuss the reasons for, and the consequences of, the Hundred Days Reform (1898) in China."
   1. It must contain an introduction, topic sentences with bullet pointed supporting points, and conclusion.
   2. Use this essay planning grid to help.
   3. Use this article on Historiography to help you.
   4. This is the official IB markscheme for the question.
   5. Print out on one-sheet of A4 and bring to class.
   6. Discuss = Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypothesis. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.