​1. Why did Japan invade Manchuria and Northern China?

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Lesson Objectives
To examine the causes of the invasion and to identify its key features

​Lesson Tasks

1. Download, read, and make notes from the Lesson PowerPoint.
2. ​Read and make notes from pages 29-33 of your Paper 1 textbooks and complete Activities 1-2.
3. Using the readings below and your textbooks, identify the causes of the Japanese invasion in a table and categorise them into categories based on:
   1. Content - Social, Political, Economic, Military etc
   2. Role - Pre-condition, Precipitant, Trigger, Catalyst
   3. Timing - Long-term, Short-Term, Immediate
   4. Importance - Essential, Necessary (Absolutely/Relatively)
4. Write a paragraph explaining why Japan invaded Manchuria, identifying three of the most significant causes, and explaining their content, role, timing, and importance.
5. Create a simple timeline identifying the key features and events of the invasion of Manchuria.

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Readings

1. Read: ​Hanneman, M. (2001). Japan Faces the World 1925-1952, p. 37-46​​​
2. Read: Gordon, A. (2003). A Modern History of Japan. p. 186-192.

2. What was the impact of the Invasion of Manchuria?

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Lesson Objectives
To analyse the domestic and international responses to the invasion of Manchuria

​Lesson Tasks

1. Download, read, and make notes from the Lesson PowerPoint.
2. ​Read and make notes from pages 34-47 of your textbooks and c​omplete Activities 3-11.
3. In groups, research the impact of, and responses to, the invasion of Manchuria and use the white boards/poster or tables to illustrate your findings. For each, think about immediate, short-term and long-term responses, as well as the type of response i.e. economic, political, social etc...
   1. Japanese Response - In Manchuria and Japan
   2. Chinese Response - GMD and CCP
   3. International Response - LoN and other Nations

Essential Readings

1. ​The Penguin History of the Second World War, Chapter 6: The Great Manchurian Adventure - Has great detail on what happened in Manchuria, what the occupation was like and how the world reacted, including the League of Nations.
2. The Penguin History of the Second World War, Chapter 7: China: Internal Revolutions and Foreign Policy - details how China reacted to the invasion of Manchuria.
3. The Penguin History of the Second World War, Chapter 8: Japan: Internal Revolutions and Foreign Policy - includes good details on how Japan was affected by the invasion.

Additional Readings

1. ​Buruma, I. (2004). Inventing Japan 1853-1964, p. 85-100 on political responses in Japan.
2. ​Hannemann, M. (2001). Japan Faces the World 1925-1952, p. 46-54 on responses in Japan and China.
3. Gordon, A. (2003). A Modern History of Japan. p. 192-203 for economic and political responses in Japan.

3. What were the causes & key features of the Sino-Japanese War?

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Lesson Objectives
​To examine the chain of causation that led to the outbreak of war and its key events from 1937-41

Lesson Tasks

1. Read and make notes from the Lesson Presentation.
2. Read Hanneman, Chapter 5, 51-65 and complete these discussion questions.
3. Read and make notes from pages 48-53.
4. Complete Activities 12-17​
5. Using the information from your textbooks and essential readings, create a timeline of the causes and key features of the Sino-Japanese War until 1941.​

4. What was the impact of the 'China Incident' on International Relations?

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Lesson Objectives
​To evaluate the domestic and international impact and response to the Sino Japanese War

​Lesson Tasks

1. ​Read and make notes from pages 53-60.
2. Complete Activities 1-3.
3. Between 1931-1938, what influenced Japanese foreign policy more? Economic factors or ideological forces?
4. Summarise your notes so far by considering how each of the following responded to, and were effected by, the Sino-Japanese War:
   1. Japan
   2. USA
   3. UK
   4. Germany
   5. USSR
   6. KMT - Chiang Kai-shek/Wang Jingwei
   7. CCP

​Essential Readings

1. Hanneman, M. (2014). Japan Faces the World, Chapter 5​
2. Jansen, M.B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan, 615-624 and 627-629

5. Who, or what, was to blame for the outbreak of war?

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Lesson Objectives
​To identify they key events that led to war and evaluate different perspectives on the outbreak of war

Lesson Tasks

1. Download, read, and make notes from the Lesson Presentation then explore this interactive animation to find out more about US policy towards Japan.
2. ​Read and make notes from textbook pages 70-80 and complete Activities 7-9.
3. Use this template or draw your own timeline from late 1940 to December 1941, listing all the major events both in East Asia and in the USA and Europe. Next to each major event, make an analytical comment about the significance of each event, for example
   1. 'June 1941 - Operation Barbarossa: this made Japan feel more secure on its northern border and able to consider southward expansion. The US warning to Japan not to invade the USSR increased tension between the two nations.'
4. Which was the key turning point after which war between Japan and the West became inevitable?
5. Were diplomatic attempts to avoid war likely to be successful?
6. Was war made more likely because of events in Europe?
7. ​Read and make notes from textbook pages 81-83 about historians' views on who was to blame for war.
8. Make a table, summarising the views of historians on who/what is to blame for the war, including the reasons they give for their opinion. Which historian do you agree with the most?
9. Make an essay plan for this question: 'Assess the reasons for the breakdown of relations between Japan and the United States in the late 1930s that eventually resulted in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.' (15 marks)

Essential Readings

1. Calvocoressi, P. (2001). The Penguin History of the Second World War, Chapter 14: The Negotiation Preceding War
2. Gordon, A. (2003). A Modern History of Japan, 207-209
3. Jansen, M.B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan, 632-642

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