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        • 4. How can we plan for a fieldwork trip?
        • 5. Completing the Travel Guide
      • 2. Beliefs and Believers >
        • 1. Ultimate Questions
        • 2. Creation Stories
        • 3. Religion in Hong Kong
        • 4. Religion and the Environment
        • 5. Religion and Evolution
        • 6. Religion vs Science - The Debate
        • 7. End of Unit Assessment
      • 3. Exploration and Discovery >
        • 1. Why do people explore?
        • 2. Impact of Exploration
        • 4. Types of Discoveries
        • 5. End of Unit Assessment
      • 4. Culture and Country >
        • 1. What is Cultural Identity?
        • 2. China's Cultural Identity
        • 3. Kashgar's Cultural Identity
        • 4. Japan's Cultural Identity
        • 5. End of Unit Assessment
    • Year 8 >
      • 1. Happiness >
        • 1. Happiness and Me
        • 2. Religions and Happiness
        • 3. Happiness Around the World
        • 4. Happiness and Economics
        • 5. Society and Happiness
        • 6. End of Unit Assessment
      • 2. Emergency on Planet Earth >
        • 1. Consumption and the Environment
        • 2. Biomes and the Biosphere
        • 3. Tropical Rainforests
        • 4. Deforestation
        • 5. Conservation
        • 6. Plastic Seas Assessment
      • 3. Life after Death >
        • 1. What happens when we die?
        • 2. Mythology and the Afterlife
        • 3. Happy Valley Cemetery Visit
        • 4. Religion and the Afterlife
        • 5. Life After Death Assessment
      • 4. Crime & Punishment >
        • 1. What is Crime?
        • 2. Hero or Villain?
        • 3. Jack the Ripper
        • 4. Crime Writing
        • 5. The Geography of Crime
        • 6. Henry VIII Assessment
  • Y9 History
    • 1. Innovation & Industry >
      • 1. Causes
      • 2. Innovations
      • 3. Conditions
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      • 6-7. Assessment 1 >
        • The USA
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        • 3.0 - How were stars formed?
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        • 6.0 - How Our Ancesters Evolved
        • 6.1 - Ways of Knowing: Early Humans
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        • Glossary
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        • 7.0 - The Rise of Agriculture
        • 7.1 - The First Cities and States
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    • Germany 1918-45 >
      • 1. The Establishment of the Weimar Republic & Its Early Problems
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    • US Civil Rights 1945-74 >
      • 1. McCarthyism and the Red Scare
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    • Russia & the USSR 1905-24 >
      • Old Exam Questions
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  • IBDP
    • Paper 1: The Move to Global War >
      • 1. Japanese Expansion >
        • 1. Impact of the Meiji Restoration
        • 2. Foreign Policy in the 1920s
        • 3. The Invasion of Manchuria
        • 4. The Sino-Japanese War
        • 5. The Road to War
      • 2. German and Italian Expansion >
        • 1. Causes of Italian Expansion
        • 2. Responses to Italian Expansion
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    • Paper 2: The Cold War >
      • 1. Introduction to the Cold War
      • 2. Causes of the Cold War
      • 3. The Cold War in Asia
      • 4. Course of the Cold War
      • 5. End of the Cold War
      • 6. The Impact of Leaders
      • 7. The Impact of Crises
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      • 1. Emergence of Authoritarian States >
        • 1. Why do Authoritarian States emerge?
        • 2. Rise of Hitler
        • 3. Rise of Mao
        • 4. Rise of Castro
        • 5. Rise of Stalin
        • 6. Comparing the Emergence of Authoritarian States
      • 2. Consolidation & Maintenance of Power >
        • 1. Hitler's Germany 1933-45
        • 2. Mao's China 1949-1976
        • 3. Castro's Cuba 1959-Present
        • 4. Comparing the Rule of Authoritarian States
      • 3. Aims and Results of Domestic Policies >
        • 4. Comparing Domestic Policies
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      • Paper 3: Imperial Decline in East Asia 1860-1912 >
        • 1. The Tongzhi Restoration
        • 2. Impact of the Boxer Rebellion
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        • 4. The Meiji Restoration
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the cold war: historiography

If you require any of these books and articles, then please contact Mr. Budd for copies and help in tracking them down:

Causes of the Cold War


Traditional/Orthodox Accounts - The USSR was to blame, Marxism expansionist, Stalin violated Yalta/Potsdam, US acted defensively
  • Bailey, T. (1950). ​American Faces Russia: Russian-American Relations from Early Times to Our Day​. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Combs, J. (1983). ​American Diplomatic History: Two Centuries of Changing Interpretations. Berkeley, CA: Uni of California Press.
  • Feis, H. (1970). ​From Trust to Terror: The Onset of the Cold War, 1945-1950 and (1960) ​Between War and Peace: The Potsdam Conference. 
  • Hertz, M. (1966). ​Beginnings of the Cold War. ​Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
  • Kennan, G. (1947). The Sources of Soviet Conduct. ​Foreign Affairs, 12​(Spring), 583.
  • ​​Kennan, G. (1951). American Diplomacy 1900-1950. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • McNeill, W.H. (1953). ​America, Britain and Russia: Their Co-operation and Conflict, 1941-1946. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Schlesinger, A. (1967). ​Origins of the Cold War, ​Foreign Affairs, 46(1), 22-52.​​​​​​​
Revisionist - USA was to blame, foreign policy was expansionist, wanted new markets, US underestimated Stalin's need for security
  • Alperovitz, G. (1965). Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam. New York: Vintage Books. ​
  • ​​Fleming, D.F. (1961). ​The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960. ​New York: Doubleday.
  • Kolko, J., & Kolko, G. (1972). The Limits of Power: The World and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1945-1954.​ New York: Harper & Row.
  • ​​LeFeber, W. (1991). ​America, Russia and the Cold War, 1945-1990 (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • McCormick, T. J. (1989). ​Half-Century: United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War. Baltimore, MA: John Hopkins University Press.
  • Williams, W.A. (1962). The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (rev. ed.). ​New York: Delta Books.

Post-Revisionist Accounts - Neither solely to blame, both had misconceptions
  • Gaddis, J.L. (1972). The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Herring, G. (1973). ​Aid to Russia, 1941-1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Origins of the Cold War.
  • Leffler, M. P. (1992). ​A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War. ​Stanford: Stanford Uni.
  • Lundestad, G. (1986). Empire by Invitation? The United States and Western Europe, 1945-1952. Journal of Peace Research, 23, 263-277.
  • ​Paterson, T.G. (1973). ​Soviet-American Confrontation: Post-war Reconstruction and the Origins of the Cold War. Baltimore: John Hopkins.
  • ​Trachtenberg, M. (1999). ​A Contested Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963.
  • ​​Yergin, D. (1980). Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State. London: Penguin.

Post-Cold War/New History Accounts
  • Gaddis, J.L. (1997). What Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History.​​
  • Westad, O.A. (2010). Cambridge History of the Cold War.
  • Zubok, V., & Pleshakov, C. (1997). Inside the Kremlin's Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev.

Sino-Soviet Split


The Korean War


USA and the War
  • Matray, J. (1985). The Reluctant Crusade: American Foreign Policy in Korea, 1941-1950. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  • Paige, G. (1968). The Korean Decision, June 24-30. New York: Free Press.​

​South Korea and the War
  • Allen, R. (1960). Syngman Rhee: An Unauthorised Portrait. Rutland, VT: Tuttle.
  • Chi-Young, P. (1980). Political Opposition in Korea, 1945-1960. Seoul: Seoul National University Press.
  • Dae-Sook, S. (1967). The Korean Communist Movement, 1918-1948. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Joung-Won, K. (1975). The Politics of Development, 1945-1972. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

​Russia and the War
  • Goncharov, S., Lewis, J., & Litai, X. (1993). Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • O'Neil, M. (1996). The Other Side of the Yalu: Soviet Pilots in the Korean War. Ph.D. Diss. Florida State University.
  • Ree, E. (1988). Socialism in One Zone: Stalin's Policy in Korea, 1945-1947. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Simmons, R. (1975). The Strained Alliance: Peking, Pyongyang, Moscow, and the Politics of the Korean War. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Zubok, V., & Pleshakov, C. (1996). Inside the Kremlin's Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
​
China and the War
  • Harding, H., & Ming, Y. (1989). Sino-American Relations, 1945-1955. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.
  • Jian, C. (1994). China's Road to the Korean War: The Making of Sino-American Confrontation. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Shu-gang, Z. (1995). Mao's Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950-53. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.

The Vietnam War


Radical - US involvement in Vietnam the result of America's pursuit of global (economic & ideological) hegemony during the Cold War
  • Kolko, G. (1985). Anatomy of War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • McCormick, T.J. (1989). America's Half Century: United States Foreign Policy in the Cold War. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.​​

​Liberal - US involvement in Vietnam the result of good anti-communist intentions gone awry
  • Schlesinger, A. (1967). ​The Bitter Heritage: Vietnam and American Democracy. ​Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gelb, L., & Betts, R. (1980). The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked. Brookings Institution Press. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
  • Halberstam, D. (1964). ​The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam during the Kennedy Era. New York: Random House.
  • Halberstam, D. (1972). The Best and the Brightest. New York: Random House.
  • Kaiser, D. (2002). American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson and the Origins of the Vietnam War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Liberal Realist - US involvement in Vietnam mainly due to a misapplication of containment, could have been avoided
  • ​​Herring, G. (2013). America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975 (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • McNamara, R., & VanDeMark, B. (1996). In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. New York: Vintage Books.

Neo-Conservative - US involvement in Vietnam was necessary and unavoidable, but military methods used were counter-productive
  • Lewy, G. (1980). America in Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lind, M. (2002). Vietnam: The Necessary War - A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict. New York: Free Press.
  • Podhoretz, N. (1982). Why We Were in Vietnam. New York: Simon & Schuster.​​

End of the Cold War


Orthodox/Triumphalist/Insider Narratives - Focus on the Role of the USA and its Leaders in Ending the War/US Victory
  • Bush, G.W., & Scowcroft, B. (1998). ​A World Transformed. New York: Knopf.
  • Gates, R. (1997). ​From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. Simon & Schuster.
  • Shultz, G.P. (1993). Turmoil and Triumph: Diplomacy, Power, and the Victory of the American Deal. Scribner.
  • Winik, J. (1996). On the Brink: The Dramatic Behind the Scenes Saga of the Reagan Era and the Men and Women who Won the Cold War. Simon & Schuster.
  • Zelikow, P. & Rice, C. (1997). Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft. Harvard University Press.

Revisionist - Focus on Transnational Movements, Economic Conditions and other Domestic Factors
  • Gaddis, J.L. (1994). ​The United States and the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provocations. Oxford University Press.​
  • Hogan, M.J. (1992). The End of the Cold War: Its Meaning and Implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wallerstein, I. (2003). The Decline of American Power: The US in a Chaotic World. New York: New Press.​

Post-Revisionist - A Conjunction of the Role of Leaders and Longer-Term Domestic Trends, Less focus on Macro-Level
  • Craig, C., & Logevall, F. (2009). America's Cold War: The Politics of Insecurity. ​Belknap Press.
  • FitzGerald, F. (2000). Way out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars, and the End of the Cold War. Simon & Schuster.
  • Gaddis, J.L. (2005). ​Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War. ​​Oxford University Press.
  • Maynard, C. (2008). Out of the Shadow: George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War. Texas A&M University Press.
  • Oberdorfer, D. (1998). ​From the Cold War to a New Era: The United States and the Soviet Union, 1983-1991. John Hopkins University Press.​​​
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    • Year 7 >
      • 1. Hong Kong - Live it, Love it >
        • 1. What is Hong Kong like?
        • 2. How has Hong Kong changed?
        • 3. How can we use sources to find out about Hong Kong?
        • 4. How can we plan for a fieldwork trip?
        • 5. Completing the Travel Guide
      • 2. Beliefs and Believers >
        • 1. Ultimate Questions
        • 2. Creation Stories
        • 3. Religion in Hong Kong
        • 4. Religion and the Environment
        • 5. Religion and Evolution
        • 6. Religion vs Science - The Debate
        • 7. End of Unit Assessment
      • 3. Exploration and Discovery >
        • 1. Why do people explore?
        • 2. Impact of Exploration
        • 4. Types of Discoveries
        • 5. End of Unit Assessment
      • 4. Culture and Country >
        • 1. What is Cultural Identity?
        • 2. China's Cultural Identity
        • 3. Kashgar's Cultural Identity
        • 4. Japan's Cultural Identity
        • 5. End of Unit Assessment
    • Year 8 >
      • 1. Happiness >
        • 1. Happiness and Me
        • 2. Religions and Happiness
        • 3. Happiness Around the World
        • 4. Happiness and Economics
        • 5. Society and Happiness
        • 6. End of Unit Assessment
      • 2. Emergency on Planet Earth >
        • 1. Consumption and the Environment
        • 2. Biomes and the Biosphere
        • 3. Tropical Rainforests
        • 4. Deforestation
        • 5. Conservation
        • 6. Plastic Seas Assessment
      • 3. Life after Death >
        • 1. What happens when we die?
        • 2. Mythology and the Afterlife
        • 3. Happy Valley Cemetery Visit
        • 4. Religion and the Afterlife
        • 5. Life After Death Assessment
      • 4. Crime & Punishment >
        • 1. What is Crime?
        • 2. Hero or Villain?
        • 3. Jack the Ripper
        • 4. Crime Writing
        • 5. The Geography of Crime
        • 6. Henry VIII Assessment
  • Y9 History
    • 1. Innovation & Industry >
      • 1. Causes
      • 2. Innovations
      • 3. Conditions
      • 4. Changes
      • 5. Sources
      • 6-7. Assessment 1 >
        • The USA
      • 8. Reflection
    • Old History >
      • 1. Hong Kong Story >
        • Further Reading
      • 2. The Slave Trade
      • 3. The First World War
      • 4. The Changing Role of Women
  • Elements
    • Big History Project >
      • 1. What is Big History? >
        • 1.0 - Welcome to Big History
        • 1.1 - Scale
        • 1.2 - Origin Stories
        • 1.3 - What are Disciplines?
        • 1.4 - My Big History
        • Glossary
      • 2. The Big Bang >
        • 2.0 - Changing Understandings
        • 2.1 - The Big Bang
        • 2.2 - Claim Testing
        • Glossary
        • Links & Resources
      • 3. Stars and Elements >
        • 3.0 - How were stars formed?
        • 3.1 - Creation of Complex Elements
        • 3.2 - Ways of Knowing: Stars & Elements
        • Glossary
      • 4. Our Solar System & Earth >
        • 4.0 - Formation of Earth & Our Solar System
        • 4.1 - What was young Earth like?
        • 4.2 - Why is Plate Tectonics important?
        • 4.3 - Ways of Knowing: Our Solar System and Earth
        • Glossary
      • 5. Life >
        • 5.0 - What is Life?
        • 5.1 - How did Life Begin and Change?
        • 5.2 - How do Earth and Life Interact?
        • 5.3 - Ways of Knowing: Life
        • Glossary
      • 6. Early Humans >
        • 6.0 - How Our Ancesters Evolved
        • 6.1 - Ways of Knowing: Early Humans
        • 6.2 - Collective Learning
        • 6.3 - How did the First Humans live?
        • Glossary
      • 7. Agriculture & Civilisation >
        • 7.0 - The Rise of Agriculture
        • 7.1 - The First Cities and States
        • 7.2 - Ways of Knowing: Agriculture & Civilisation
        • Glossary
      • 8. Expansion & Interconnection >
        • 8.0 - Expansion
        • 8.1 - Exploration & Interconnection
        • 8.2 - The Columbian Exchange
        • 8.3 - Commerce & Collective Learning
        • Glossary
      • 9. Acceleration >
        • 9.0 - Transitions, Thresholds & Turning Points in Human History
        • 9.1 - Acceleration
        • 9.2 - The Anthropocene
        • 9.3 - Changing Economies
        • 9.4 - Industrialism
        • 9.5 - Modern States and Identities
        • 9.6 - Crisis and Conflict
        • 9.7 - Acceleration: Demographic, Political, and Technological
        • Glossary
      • 10. The Future >
        • 10.0 - Looking Back
        • 10.1 - The Biosphere
        • 10.2 - Looking Forward
        • Glossary
      • Assessment Rubrics
      • Key Texts
      • Little Big History
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
      • Thresholds of Increasing Complexity
      • Student Work
    • National History Day
  • IGCSE
    • Germany 1918-45 >
      • 1. The Establishment of the Weimar Republic & Its Early Problems
      • 2. The Recovery of Germany 1924-1929
      • 3. The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis 1919-1933
      • 4. Life in Nazi Germany 1933-1939
      • 5. Germany during the Second World War
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • China 1900-89 >
      • 1. China 1900-1934
      • 2. Mao & the CCP 1934-1949
      • 3. Change under Mao 1949-1963
      • 4. The Impact of the Cultural Revolution
      • 5. China after Mao 1976-1989
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • US Civil Rights 1945-74 >
      • 1. McCarthyism and the Red Scare
      • 2. Civil Rights in the 1950s
      • 3. The Impact of MLK & Black Power
      • 4. Protest Movements
      • 5. Nixon & Watergate
      • Old Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Further Watching
    • Russia & the USSR 1905-24 >
      • Old Exam Questions
    • Past Papers
  • IBDP
    • Paper 1: The Move to Global War >
      • 1. Japanese Expansion >
        • 1. Impact of the Meiji Restoration
        • 2. Foreign Policy in the 1920s
        • 3. The Invasion of Manchuria
        • 4. The Sino-Japanese War
        • 5. The Road to War
      • 2. German and Italian Expansion >
        • 1. Causes of Italian Expansion
        • 2. Responses to Italian Expansion
        • 3. Causes of German Expansion
        • 4. Responses to German Expansion
        • 5. The Road to War in Europe
      • Exam Questions
    • Paper 2: The Cold War >
      • 1. Introduction to the Cold War
      • 2. Causes of the Cold War
      • 3. The Cold War in Asia
      • 4. Course of the Cold War
      • 5. End of the Cold War
      • 6. The Impact of Leaders
      • 7. The Impact of Crises
      • 8. Impact on Nations
      • Exam Questions
      • Further Reading
      • Glossary
      • Historiography
      • Primary Sources
    • Paper 2: Authoritarian States >
      • 1. Emergence of Authoritarian States >
        • 1. Why do Authoritarian States emerge?
        • 2. Rise of Hitler
        • 3. Rise of Mao
        • 4. Rise of Castro
        • 5. Rise of Stalin
        • 6. Comparing the Emergence of Authoritarian States
      • 2. Consolidation & Maintenance of Power >
        • 1. Hitler's Germany 1933-45
        • 2. Mao's China 1949-1976
        • 3. Castro's Cuba 1959-Present
        • 4. Comparing the Rule of Authoritarian States
      • 3. Aims and Results of Domestic Policies >
        • 4. Comparing Domestic Policies
      • Exam Questions
    • Paper 3: Asia and Oceania >
      • Paper 3: Imperial Decline in East Asia 1860-1912 >
        • 1. The Tongzhi Restoration
        • 2. Impact of the Boxer Rebellion
        • 3. The 1911 Xinhai Revolution
        • 4. The Meiji Restoration
        • 5. Early Japanese Imperialism
        • 6. The Opening of Korea
        • Exam Questions
      • Paper 3: Japan 1912-1990 >
        • 1. The Meiji & Taisho Periods
        • 2. The Rise of Militarism
        • 3. The Move to Global War
        • 4. The Pacific War
        • 5. The US Occupation
        • 6. The 'Economic Miracle'
        • Exam Questions
      • Paper 3: China and Korea 1910-1950 >
        • 1. Rise of National Identity 1911-1927
        • 2. Nationalist Rule in China 1927-1937
        • 3. Rise of Communism in China
        • 4. Japanese Invasion and Civil War 1937-1949
        • 5. Japanese Occupation of Korea 1910-1945
        • 6. Taiwan - The Republic of China
        • Exam Questions
      • Paper 3: The People's Republic of China 1949-2005 >
        • 1. Establishment of the Communist State 1949-1961
        • 2. The Transition to Socialism 1949-1976
        • 3. The Cultural Revolution
        • 4. China's Foreign Affairs 1949-1976
        • 5. China after Mao 1976-2000
        • 6. China's Impact on the Region
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    • Extended Essay >
      • 1. Title Page
      • 2. Abstract & Contents Page
      • 3. Introduction
      • 4. Body of the Essay
      • 5. Conclusion
      • 6. References, Bibliography & Appendices
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      • Essay Planning >
        • 1. Forming Questions
        • 2. Command Words
        • 3. Topic Analysis
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      • Essay Writing >
        • 1. Introductions
        • 2. Conclusions
        • 3. Words and Phrases
        • 4. Quotations
        • 5. Sentences
        • 6. Width and Depth
        • 7. Citing Sources
        • 8. Spelling and Grammar
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